Introduction: The Career Transition Challenge for Athletes

For many athletes, transitioning from professional sports to a conventional career can be a significant challenge. This shift often involves moving from a high-intensity, high-status environment to an altogether different professional landscape. Athletes typically face several obstacles in this process, including:

1. Identity Shift: Many athletes struggle with the loss of their athletic identity and the need to establish a new professional persona.
2. Lack of Formal Education: While professional sports require immense skill and dedication, they may not provide the academic credentials necessary for many post-athletic careers.
3. Limited Work Experience: Unlike their non-athlete counterparts, athletes often dedicate their prime years entirely to sports, resulting in limited work experience.
4. Skill Transfer: Athletes possess numerous transferable skills such as teamwork, discipline, and leadership, but translating these into a corporate context can be challenging.
5. Networking: The sports industry has a distinct network. Re-entering or building a professional network in another field can be daunting and time-consuming.

These challenges underscore the importance of preparing for a career transition well before retirement from sports. Historically, pursuing a Master of Business Administration (MBA) has been a popular route for athletes seeking to pivot to business-related fields. An MBA is perceived as a bridge to executive roles in sports management, entrepreneurship, and other corporate arenas. However, this path is not always the most feasible or beneficial for every athlete.

Alternative educational paths and certifications may provide better alignment with an athlete’s strengths and career aspirations. Options such as specialized Master’s degrees, professional certifications, and immersive bootcamps offer tailored approaches for those looking to enter fields like technology, finance, or marketing. Moreover, these alternatives are often more flexible, cost-effective, and quicker to complete than traditional MBA programs, making them attractive options for athletes aiming to integrate quickly into the professional world.

Awareness of these challenges and the potential solutions can better equip athletes to navigate their career transitions successfully. Their unique backgrounds and skill sets can provide distinct advantages in various industries, provided they make strategic choices about their education and career paths.

The Importance of Continued Education for Athletes

Continued education plays a pivotal role for athletes seeking to enhance their career prospects. While their primary focus may be on sports performance, expanding their knowledge and skills through academics provides significant advantages. For one, it equips athletes with a diverse set of competencies that can be leveraged both during and after their athletic careers.

Key benefits of continued education for athletes include:

1. Skill Development:

   • Developing critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.
   • Enhancing communication and leadership skills.
   • Gaining proficiency in areas such as management, finance, and marketing.

2. Career Transition:

   • Preparing for a seamless transition from sports to other professional fields.
   • Opening up opportunities in industries such as sports management, coaching, business, and entrepreneurship.

3. Personal Growth:

   • Building self-confidence through academic achievements.
   • Expanding one’s worldview and cultural understanding through diverse educational experiences.

4. Networking Opportunities:

   • Connecting with professionals, mentors, and potential employers within and outside the sports industry.
   • Joining a community of peers who share similar educational and professional goals.

5. Financial Security:

   • Long-term career prospects and earning potential are significantly improved through continued education.
   • Building a strong foundation for financial independence and stability post-athletic career.

Some avenues for continued education that athletes might consider include:

• Online Courses:

  • Flexible learning options that fit around training and competition schedules.
  • Access to a wide range of subjects and certification programs.

• Part-time Degree Programs:

  • Opportunities to earn a degree while maintaining athletic commitments.
  • Collaborative programs that often offer tailored support for athlete-students.

• Vocational Training:

  • Focused training in specific trades or skill sets aligned with personal interests or career goals.
  • Often faster pathways to workforce entry compared to traditional degree programs.

• Professional Development Workshops:

  • Short-term courses that address specific professional skills or knowledge areas.
  • Practical and immediately applicable learnings to enhance career readiness.

By investing time in continued education, athletes not only safeguard their future but also enrich their present, ensuring sustained growth and success within their sporting careers and beyond.

The Advantages of MBA Programs

MBA programs are designed to equip individuals with a broad range of managerial skills and knowledge pertinent to the business world. One of the primary advantages is the comprehensive curriculum that includes subjects such as finance, marketing, operations, and strategy. These programs are particularly beneficial for athletes seeking to transition into business roles by providing a solid foundation in essential business concepts.

Networking Opportunities

• Extensive Alumni Networks: MBA programs offer access to extensive alumni networks that can be invaluable for career growth. These networks often include professionals in high-level positions across various industries.

• Industry Connections: MBA programs frequently host events featuring industry leaders and business experts who can provide insights, mentorship, and potential job opportunities.

Increased Earning Potential

An MBA degree is often associated with a significant increase in earning potential. This is partly because graduates are qualified for higher-level positions that come with better compensation packages. For athletes, this financial stability can ease the transition from active sports careers to new professional roles.

Practical Experience

• Internships and Projects: Many MBA programs include internships and consultancy projects that allow students to gain hands-on experience in the business world. These opportunities are crucial for athletes who may lack traditional work experience.

• Case Studies: The use of case studies in MBA programs helps students develop critical thinking and problem-solving skills by analyzing real-world business scenarios. This method of learning can be particularly advantageous for athletes accustomed to strategic thinking in sports.

Leadership Skills

MBA programs place a significant emphasis on developing leadership and management skills. Coursework often includes leadership theories, team-building exercises, and communication training. Athletes can leverage these skills in various roles, such as team management, coaching, or corporate leadership.

Flexibility and Specialization

• Full-time, Part-time, and Online Options: Many institutions offer full-time, part-time, and online MBA programs to accommodate different schedules and career stages. This flexibility allows athletes to balance education with other commitments.

• Specialized Tracks: MBA programs often provide specialized tracks in areas such as sports management, entrepreneurship, and finance. These tracks enable athletes to tailor their education to their specific career goals and interests.

Global Perspective

MBA programs frequently emphasize global business practices and cultural competence. This exposure to international markets and diverse business environments prepares athletes for careers in global organizations and enhances their ability to work effectively in multicultural teams.

Overall, MBA programs offer robust training and significant advantages that can assist athletes in successfully navigating their post-sports career paths.

Why MBA Alternatives Might Be More Suitable

Pursuing an MBA might not align with every athlete’s career aspirations or personal circumstances. MBA alternatives could offer tailored experiences and advantages more suited to their unique situations. Here are some reasons why:

Cost and Time Efficiency

• Lower Tuition Fees: MBA programs often have high tuition fees that may not align with financial planning for athletes who might be transitioning from sports careers.
• Quicker Completion: Alternative programs, such as certifications or specialized short-term courses, can be completed in a shorter time than traditional MBA programs, allowing athletes to re-enter the workforce faster.

Flexibility

• Online Learning: Many MBA alternatives offer online learning options that allow athletes to continue training or coaching while studying.
• Part-Time Schedules: Options like part-time courses provide greater flexibility for those who have other commitments, such as coaching or mentoring roles.

Relevance to Specific Career Goals

• Industry-Specific Programs: Targeted certifications and diplomas can directly address the skills needed in specific fields, such as sports management, marketing, or entrepreneurship.
• Real-World Applications: Many alternatives emphasize practical knowledge and real-world applications that can be immediately beneficial in transitioning to new careers.

Networking Opportunities

• Focused Contacts: Smaller, specialized programs often provide access to field-specific networks, which can be more useful than the broader networks available through traditional MBA programs.
• Mentorship Opportunities: Many programs offer mentorship from industry professionals who can provide guidance tailored to athletes’ unique career transitions.

Customized Curriculum

• Personalized Learning Paths: Tailored curricula cater to individual educational and career goals, allowing athletes to focus on areas such as leadership, finance, or sports management.
• Relevant Coursework: Coursework relevant to athletes’ career transitions ensures they acquire skills directly applicable to their future roles.

Career Support and Resources

• Specialized Career Services: Programs often provide career support services aimed at specific industries, offering more targeted job placement assistance.
• Skill Development Workshops: Workshops on resume writing, interview techniques, and professional communication hone the skills necessary for successful career shifts.

Psychological Readiness

• Less Pressure: Short-term and less demanding courses can help athletes adjust to the academic environment without overwhelming them.
• Confidence Building: Success in smaller, manageable steps builds confidence, making the transition smoother and less intimidating.

By addressing these specific needs, MBA alternatives provide a viable path for athletes seeking career growth without committing to the traditional MBA route.

Exploring Certificate Programs and Specialized Courses

Athletes seeking career growth may find that certificate programs and specialized courses offer a viable alternative to traditional MBA programs. These options allow individuals to focus on specific areas of interest and gain relevant skills quickly.

Benefits of Certificate Programs:

• Flexibility: Many certificate programs offer online courses or part-time options, allowing athletes to balance their training and educational pursuits effectively.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Compared to MBA programs, certificate courses are often more affordable, reducing the financial burden on athletes who might not have substantial incomes post-career.
• Time-Saving: Most certificate programs can be completed in a shorter time frame, ranging from a few weeks to several months, allowing for quicker application of new skills.

Specialized Courses for Athletes:

1. Sports Management:

   • Athletes can leverage their on-field experience by gaining skills in sports management, including event planning, team management, and sports marketing.
   • Courses often cover topics such as agency, negotiation, and ethical considerations in sports.

2. Marketing and Branding:

   • Marketing courses can help athletes build a personal brand or transition into roles within sports marketing.
   • Skills learned include social media marketing, digital strategy, and brand management.

3. Financial Planning:

   • Understanding financial planning is crucial for athletes to manage their earnings effectively and plan for the future.
   • Courses may cover investment strategies, wealth management, and financial analysis.

Online Learning Platforms:

Several reputable online platforms provide specialized courses and certificate programs:

• Coursera: Offers courses from top universities and institutions, including sports management and marketing.
• edX: Provides access to courses and certificate programs in various fields, including business and finance.
• LinkedIn Learning: Focuses on professional development courses that can enhance an athlete’s skill set.

Customized Programs for Athletes:

• Athlete-Specific Programs: Some institutions offer tailored programs designed specifically for athletes, addressing their unique career transition needs.
• Mentorship Opportunities: Collaboration with professionals who understand athletes’ backgrounds can provide valuable insights and networking opportunities.

Conclusion

Certificate programs and specialized courses offer a targeted approach for athletes looking to transition into new careers. These alternatives to traditional MBAs can provide the necessary skills and knowledge, with the added benefits of flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and time efficiency.

Leveraging Online Learning Platforms

Athletes can benefit tremendously from leveraging online learning platforms for career growth. Online education offers flexibility, which is crucial for those managing rigorous training schedules. Such platforms enable learners to study at their own pace, integrating seamlessly with their commitments.

Key benefits include:

• Flexibility: Online courses allow athletes to balance their training schedules with academic pursuits, eliminating the need for physical presence in classrooms.

• Diverse Course Offerings: A wide array of subject options is available, ranging from business management to digital marketing. This diversity empowers athletes to choose fields that align with their interests and career goals.

• Cost-Effective: Many online platforms provide high-quality education at a fraction of the cost of traditional MBA programs. This affordability enables athletes to gain crucial knowledge without incurring significant debt.

• Networking Opportunities: Despite the remote nature, online platforms often include forums, webinars, and group projects that facilitate networking with peers, industry professionals, and instructors. These connections can be invaluable for career advancements.

Prominent platforms like Coursera, edX, and LinkedIn Learning offer numerous courses and specializations that cater to the specific needs of athletes. They can opt for programs in financial management, entrepreneurship, or sports management to enhance their professional skills.

Additionally, online certifications from reputed institutions can bolster resumes and present new job opportunities. By acquiring specialized skills, athletes can present themselves as well-rounded candidates in the job market.

It is essential for athletes to assess the credibility and recognition of the online platforms and courses they choose. Accredited programs ensure quality education and acceptance in professional fields, thereby providing a solid foundation for success.

Mentorship and Coaching as Career Growth Tools

Athletes who are transitioning from sports to other career paths can benefit significantly from mentorship and coaching. These personalized forms of guidance provide athletes with essential tools and insights that can facilitate their professional development and career trajectory outside the sports arena.

Effective mentorship provides the following benefits:

1. Personalized Advice: Mentors offer tailored guidance based on their extensive experience and knowledge in specific fields.
2. Networking Opportunities: Having a mentor can lead to introductions to key industry contacts and potential career opportunities.
3. Skill Development: Mentors assist in identifying and developing skills that are transferable to other business sectors.

Coaching, on the other hand, has distinct advantages:

• Performance Improvement: Coaches focus on enhancing specific competencies and performance metrics relevant to business or entrepreneurial activities.
• Goal Setting: They aid in setting realistic career goals and crafting actionable plans to achieve them.
• Accountability: Regular check-ins and assessments ensure that the individual stays motivated and on track.

To maximize the benefits of mentorship and coaching, it is essential for athletes to:

• Identify Goals: Clearly defining what they hope to achieve allows for a more focused and productive relationship with mentors and coaches.
• Seek Relevance: Finding mentors and coaches who have expertise in the athlete’s area of interest ensures that the guidance provided is both relevant and practical.
• Engagement: Actively engaging with mentors and coaches by asking questions, seeking feedback, and applying suggestions can lead to substantial growth and learning.

These career growth tools align with the intrinsic qualities many athletes possess, such as discipline, perseverance, and the willingness to learn. Utilizing mentorship and coaching can help athletes translate these attributes into successful business or entrepreneurial endeavors. By fostering these relationships, athletes gain valuable insights, refine their business acumen, and build robust professional networks that can significantly enhance their post-athletic careers.

Building a Personal Brand and Network

Athletes possess unique experiences and attributes that make them prime candidates for leadership roles. Building a personal brand helps to leverage these assets.

Key Steps in Building a Personal Brand

1. Identify Core Strengths and Values:

   • Athletes should assess key strengths developed through sports, such as discipline, teamwork, and resilience.
   • Align personal and professional values clearly.

2. Establish an Online Presence:

   • Create a professional website or blog that highlights accomplishments, skills, and insights.
   • Leverage social media platforms to share content and engage with industry-specific communities.

3. Develop a Consistent Message:

   • Ensure all communications, be it in interviews or on social media, reflect the personal brand.
   • Craft a consistent narrative that aligns with career goals and personal story.

Networking Strategies

Networking plays a crucial role in career development. Athletes should adopt specific strategies to expand their networks.

1. Join Professional Organizations:

   • Membership in organizations related to career interests can provide valuable connections and resources.
   • Attend events, seminars, and conferences to meet professionals in the field.

2. Leverage Alumni Networks:

   • Connect with former teammates, coaches, and university alumni.
   • Participate in alumni events and utilize online platforms to stay in touch.

3. Seek Mentorship:

   • Identify potential mentors within the desired industry.
   • Approach mentors through personalized communication, reflecting genuine interest and clear career aspirations.

Utilizing Sports Networks

Athletes can also maximize their existing sports network.

1. Connect with Former Athletes:

   • Engage with former professional athletes who have transitioned into business.
   • Participate in sports clubs and associations that focus on career development.

2. Attend Industry-Specific Events:

   • Sports conferences and charity events can provide opportunities to network with influential individuals.
   • Active participation in such events can enhance visibility and credibility.

3. Leverage Media Coverage:

   • Athletes can use their media presence to highlight their career aspirations and achievements.
   • Create press releases or engage in interviews that align with their personal brand.

Overall, by focusing on these strategies, athletes can build a robust personal brand and network, providing a strong foundation for post-sports careers.

The Role of Internships and Practical Experience

Internships and practical experience play a pivotal role in the career development of athletes considering MBA alternatives. These avenues provide hands-on learning opportunities that are crucial for understanding the nuances of various industries. While classroom learning offers theoretical knowledge, real-world experience bridges the gap between academia and industry-specific skills.

Benefits of Internships and Practical Experience:

1. Skill Development:

   • Practical experience allows athletes to develop technical skills pertinent to their field of interest.
   • It helps in honing soft skills such as communication, leadership, and teamwork, which are essential for career growth.

2. Networking Opportunities:

   • Internships enable athletes to build a professional network.
   • Establishing connections with industry professionals can lead to mentoring opportunities and future job placements.

3. Industry Insight:

   • Exposure to real-world business environments helps in understanding industry trends and market demands.
   • It provides a practical perspective on how businesses operate, contributing to strategic thinking and problem-solving abilities.

4. Career Exploration:

   • Internships allow athletes to explore various career paths and industries.
   • It helps them identify their interests and strengths, aiding in informed career decisions.

5. Transition Support:

   • For athletes transitioning from sports to corporate careers, practical experience eases the transition.
   • It provides a smoother adaptation to new roles and responsibilities, thereby minimizing the learning curve.

Implementation Strategies for Athletes:

• Seek internship opportunities in fields like sports management, marketing, finance, and business development.
• Engage in volunteer work or part-time roles to gain diverse experience.
• Utilize university career services and alumni networks to find internship placements.
• Participate in job shadowing programs to gain short-term exposure to various professions.
• Consider mentorship programs that offer guidance and advice from experienced professionals.

In summary, internships and practical experience are invaluable for athletes aiming to enhance their career prospects. They not only equip athletes with essential skills but also offer a realistic view of the professional world, thus preparing them for a successful career post-sports.

Financial Considerations: Cost vs. Benefit

When athletes evaluate MBA alternatives for career growth, financial considerations play a crucial role. Investing in education and training involves costs that must be weighed against the anticipated benefits. Understanding the financial implications can help athletes make informed decisions about their future.

Costs Involved

1. Tuition Fees: MBA programs can be expensive, often ranging from \(70,000 to over \)200,000 depending on the institution and location. Alternative programs, such as certification courses or specialized training, may offer more affordable options.
2. Living Expenses: Full-time programs may require relocation, resulting in additional costs for housing, food, transportation, and other living expenses.
3. Opportunity Cost: Committing to a full-time MBA program can mean sacrificing current income. Athletes need to consider the potential earnings lost while dedicating time to studies.
4. Additional Fees: Books, materials, and miscellaneous fees can add to the overall cost of an MBA program, making it crucial to account for all expenses.

Benefits to Consider

1. Return on Investment (ROI): Alternative programs often offer a quicker ROI. Certification courses, online modules, and workshops can be completed in less time, allowing athletes to apply new skills immediately.
2. Flexibility: Many non-MBA programs provide flexible schedules, enabling athletes to balance training, competition, and education simultaneously, which can be cost-saving in terms of time management.
3. Specialization: Alternative educational paths may provide more targeted learning opportunities, focusing on specific skills or industries. This specialization can lead to quicker and more relevant career advancements, maximizing financial benefits.
4. Networking Opportunities: While traditional MBA programs offer extensive networking chances, many alternative programs also provide robust networking possibilities through industry-specific events, online forums, and professional groups.

Financial Aid and Scholarships

Athletes should explore financial aid options and scholarships available for both MBA programs and alternative educational courses. Many institutions offer financial assistance specifically for athletes, which can significantly reduce the financial burden. These resources make it important to:

• Research all available scholarships and grants.
• Engage with alumni networks for potential funding opportunities or mentorship programs.
• Consult with financial advisors to explore educational savings plans or loans tailored to professional growth.

Conclusion

Understanding the financial considerations is essential for athletes deciding between an MBA and alternative career advancement options. By meticulously evaluating costs versus benefits, athletes can strategically plan their educational investments for optimized career growth.

Time Management: Balancing Education and Commitments

Time management remains a critical component for athletes considering educational advancement. Balancing rigorous training and competitive schedules with academic pursuits can be particularly challenging. Here are several strategies to manage time effectively:

1. Prioritize Tasks:

   • Identify both academic and athletic commitments.
   • Create a detailed schedule that allocates time for study sessions, training, and relaxation.
   • Use tools such as planners or digital calendars to stay on track.

2. Utilize Flexible Learning Options:

   • Online courses can provide the flexibility needed to manage both academic and athletic responsibilities.
   • Evening or weekend classes might align better with training schedules.
   • Tailoring a personalized study plan can help in accommodating practice sessions and travel times.

3. Seek Support Systems:

   • Advisors and mentors can guide in navigating academic pressures while managing athletic commitments.
   • Form study groups with peers who understand the demanding schedules of athletes.
   • Leverage tutoring resources available within educational institutions for additional academic support.

4. Develop Efficient Study Habits:

   • Break down study materials into manageable chunks to avoid last-minute cramming.
   • Employ active learning techniques, such as summarizing information or teaching concepts to a study partner.
   • Regular short study intervals can be more effective than prolonged periods of study.

5. Self-Care and Rest:

   • Balance is not just about scheduling work and training, but also ensuring adequate rest and self-care.
   • Incorporate relaxation and recreational activities into the schedule to prevent burnout.
   • Prioritize sleep to maintain both academic and athletic performance.

“Success in both academia and athletics requires meticulous planning and dedication. Proper time management techniques enable athletes to flourish in both arenas.”

Mastering the balance between education and athletic commitments is imperative for athletes aiming to advance their careers through academic pursuits. With the right strategies and support, they can achieve substantial growth in both fields.

Success Stories: Athletes Who Have Thrived Without an MBA

Numerous athletes have successfully transitioned into various industries without the need for an MBA, proving that there are multiple pathways to career growth. Here are some noteworthy examples:

1. Magic Johnson

   • After retiring from basketball, Magic Johnson became a successful entrepreneur.
   • He built a business empire, including Magic Johnson Enterprises, which has holdings in a variety of sectors like real estate, movie theaters, and restaurants.
   • He emphasizes leveraging networking and capitalizing on his sports fame to create business opportunities.

2. Michael Strahan

   • Former NFL player Michael Strahan transitioned into a successful media career.
   • He became a well-known television personality, co-hosting shows such as “Good Morning America” and “Live with Kelly and Michael.”
   • Strahan attributes his success to hard work, relationship-building, and personal branding rather than formal business education.

3. David Beckham

   • David Beckham, a renowned soccer player, established himself as a business mogul post-retirement.
   • He launched multiple ventures, including a fashion brand, a fragrance line, and even founded his own Major League Soccer team, Inter Miami CF.
   • Beckham focuses on leveraging his global brand and extensive network to thrive in various business endeavors.

4. Serena Williams

   • Tennis champion Serena Williams diversified her career into business and investments.
   • She founded Serena Ventures, an investment firm focusing on companies founded by women and minorities.
   • Williams attributes her success to strategic risk-taking, mentorship, and leveraging her sports career insights into the business world.

5. Venus Williams

   • Venus Williams, another tennis great, successfully entered the interior design and fashion industries.
   • She founded V Starr Interiors, an interior design firm, and EleVen, an athletic apparel brand.
   • Venus emphasizes the importance of interest alignment, passion, and industry-specific learning over traditional MBA programs.

Key Lessons from Their Stories:

• Networking: Effective networking and leveraging existing fame can open doors to various opportunities.
• Personal Branding: Building and maintaining a strong personal brand can serve as a valuable asset.
• Diverse Interests: Athletes should explore and pursue diverse interests that align with their passions and strengths.
• Mentorship: Seeking guidance from experienced professionals can provide valuable insights and direction.

These athletes demonstrate that while an MBA can be beneficial, alternative paths can also lead to successful post-athletic careers.

Conclusions: Choosing the Right Path for Career Development

Professional athletes looking to transition into new career paths face unique challenges and opportunities. Identifying the right path for career development is critical for sustained success beyond sports. Here are some key considerations:

• Assessment of Interests and Skills: Athletes should conduct a thorough self-assessment to identify personal interests and transferable skills. The goal is to align career choices with both passion and expertise.

• Exploration of MBA Alternatives: While traditional MBA programs can be beneficial, there are various alternatives that may provide more flexibility and relevance:

  1. Certificate Programs: Short-term, focused courses that enhance specific skills, such as finance, digital marketing, or leadership.
  2. Online Learning Platforms: Platforms like Coursera, edX, and LinkedIn Learning offer diverse courses that can be taken at a personalized pace.
  3. Industry-Specific Training: Specialized training programs tailored to industries of interest, such as sports management, entrepreneurship, or technology.

• Networking and Mentorship: Building strong networks and seeking mentors can provide valuable insights and guidance. Networking opportunities can be found through:

  • Professional organizations related to the new field of interest.
  • Alumni associations and former teammates who have successfully transitioned.
  • Business and industry conferences, workshops, and seminars.

• Gaining Practical Experience: Real-world experience is invaluable in any career transition. Some methods to gain practical experience include:

  • Internships and apprenticeships in the new field of interest.
  • Volunteering for projects or organizations that align with career goals.
  • Part-time roles or consultancy work to build relevant experience gradually.

• Financial Planning and Stability: Transitioning from sports to a new career can come with financial uncertainties. Key steps include:

  1. Budgeting and Financial Planning: Creating a financial plan that accounts for education costs, living expenses, and a potential reduction in income.
  2. Funding Education and Training: Exploring scholarships, grants, and employer-sponsored programs to minimize out-of-pocket expenses.
  3. Long-term Investments and Savings: Maintaining a focus on long-term financial security through prudent investments and savings plans.

Choosing the right path for post-athletic career development requires careful consideration of personal goals, available resources, and market demands. A strategic approach to education, networking, and practical experience will empower athletes to build a successful and fulfilling second career.